Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia

Nursing Interventions for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which individuals loose the ability to discriminate between reality and imagination, characterized by disturbances to their thoughts, behavior and feelings. About 1% of the population is predicted to suffer from schizophrenia at some point in their life (www.rethink.org), with experience of psychotic episodes such as those of schizophrenia ranging in their duration of a single crisis, to the chronic experience of schizophrenia over a life time. During episodes of schizophrenia, patients will experience a range of what is know as positive and negative symptoms associated with the condition. Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations and unusual or irrational behavior (often as a result of the hallucinations and delusions). Delusions can be defined as strange thoughts or beliefs which are not founded in reality, some examples include delusions of grandeur (such as believing oneself to be the next messiah) and delusions of persecution (as in being secretly watched / followed by the police or secret service). Hallucinations are when you see (visual) hear (auditory) or smell (olfactory) things that others cannot. One of the most well known symptoms of schizophrenia is that of hearing voices. People may also experience thought disturbances such as thought jumping (going from one line of thought to another in rapid succession) poor concentration and attention abilities (www.mind.org.uk). Negative symptoms are those which in some way take away from the individual such as anhedonia (not getting pleasure out of activities which were previously pleasurable) and social withdrawal from social situations and a lack of interest in personal hygiene (such as not washing or changing clothes). Treatment of individuals with schizophrenia can be in hospital (forced through section or voluntarily in some cases) and in community settings, and should involve a mixture of pharmacological treatment (typical and atypical antipsychotic medications) and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in order to manage current symptoms, and in preventing and minimizing future relapse and crises. Nursing of individuals with a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia within a community setting (e.g. after discharge from hospital or when patients not under section and do not want to go to hospital) will be conducted by a community psychiatric nurse (CPN) who will often be working within a community mental health team (CMHT) from a care programme approach. The role of the CPN has diversified over recent years, and is now often nominated within the CMHT to act as the individuals key worker (i.e. who the patient will have most contact with in the CMHT). CPNs can be seen to be involved in patient care interventions in a number of capacities. The most predominant (and traditional) intervention role of the CPN may be seen in the medication management of people with schizophrenia. Typical (haloperidol) and atypical (aripiprazole, olanzapine etc) antipsychotic medication use now mean that around 70% of patients will experience some degree of relief to their psychotic symptoms (McCann, 2001). However relief is most often not absolute and the majority of patients will experience some form of side effects. In typical (older generation drugs) this is often in terms of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as movement disorders like Tardive Dyskinsia, and although newer atypical drugs are renowned for less EPS, side effects can include weight gain, sexual dysfunction and sedation. CPNs are therefore an important contact with the patient in ensuring that they are taking their medication correctly, and in identifying patients who may be experiencing high levels of side effects who as a result are at a high risk of discontinuing their medications. By identifying such individuals, relapse can be minimized by helping the patient to engage with clinical services to investigate other medication options of which there are a good number. Switching is a term used by professionals to define this process and it is not unusual for patients to have to switch between medications a number of times, before finding the most appropriate drug / combination. Dosage required is also a very individual factor, and therefore an important aspect of medication management is to check to signs that dosage is high enough to enable clinical relief, but also low enough to minimize side effects. CPNs are thus often in a position to recognize if their patients are not on high enough dosages. The way in which medication is administered will also differ between patients some may be able to take their drugs orally, but a number of patients with schizophrenia are on a form of drug administration called depots. These are long-lasting injections of the antipsychotic, and are often used for patients who suffer severe episodes and those who have a history of non-compliance in taking their medication (Jackson-Koku, 2001). CPNs may also act in helping people come to terms with the fact that they are suffering from an illness, as denial is common in those mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (Fung Fry, 1999), often referred to as lacking insight into illness, and so discuss the need for taking their medications. Providing medication related information is therefore an important part of the medication interventions that nurses are involved with, and will often include discussions about side effects, recognizing early signs of illness and other concerns the person may have. Nurses are however becoming increasingly involved in psycho-educational (Fung Fry, 1999) and psychological therapy (McCann, 2001) based interventions in their patient care within community settings for sufferers and their families. Such approaches have in the literature, been described as aiming at increasing social functioning, decreasing distress, and reducing hospital admission rates (Tarrier Birchwood, 1995) These educational interventions are so targeted on helping to reduce distress in more drug-resistant cases, to help both sufferers and their family (Leff et al, 2001) deal with the illness and learn the signs of relapse and symptom return, and as mentioned above, in increasing medication compliance through better understanding and information. (McCann, 2001) Psychological therapies such as CBT and cognitive therapy (CT) have found recognized success in treating many mental illnesses including schizophrenia including when used within community settings (Morrison et al, 2004), as are aimed at helping people deal emotionally with their illness and its associated distress, but also to help on a practical level through promoting relapse prevention strategies and reducing social disability (Fowler, Garety Kuipers, 1995) Coping techniques and strategies can also be discussed when CPNs become aware and gain knowledge into what particular symptoms are causing people most distress. One example of this could be distraction techniques discussed with those who are having problems with auditory hallucinations; one method that is known for helping many people with this is to listen to music. CPNs often also play an important counseling role to those they support (royal college of psychiatrists,1997). Acting as key workers for people with schizophrenia gives many CPNs the opportunity to get to know the person, and so are in a position to use the discussions they have with their patients in an intervention capacity. Counseling may help in anxiety and distress reduction, but also will provide invaluable insight for the CPN into what the person is going through, how much they understand and whether they are doing well or becoming ill. All this information will play a crucial role in the assessment capacity that the CPN also performs within the care programme. CPNs are thus seen to be involved in many aspects of peoples outpatient care in community settings. Especially involved in medication, information and more recently psychosocial and psychological interventions, nurses looking after people with schizophrenia within the community are central to the patients care programme, and act as an invaluable access into mental health services (McCann Clark, 2003) for community patients.

The Lamb and The Tiger by William Blake Essay -- Poet Poems William Bl

'The Lamb' and 'The Tiger' by William Blake Write about The Lamb and The Tiger by William Blake. Explain how the poet portrays these creatures and comment on what you consider to be the main ideas and attitudes of the poet. 'All things bright and beautiful, All creatures great and small, All things wise and wonderful, The Lord God made them all.' Cecil Frances Alexander Indeed, God created all creatures great and small, and he could not have created two creatures more different from each other than the lamb and the tiger. The question arises in one's mind therefore: - 'Could one creator design and give life to two exhibits of such a vast contrast?' ====================================================================== William Blake certainly poses this question in a somewhat clever manner in the two examples of his work that I've analysed and compared, namely 'The Lamb' and 'The Tiger'. In the two collections of his work, namely Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, he has several contrasting poems that bring the two states of being described by both collections under the microscope. As one of the early Romance poets, Blake was writing in opposition to the rapidly changing, revolutionary eighteenth-century. Essentially, that opposition developed into an appreciation of the emotions, as opposed to reason ant intellect, and a recognition of the purity and innocence which childhood represents in contrast with the corruptions and in-authenticity of adulthood, with its learning and experience of life. The English Industrial Revolution played a very influential role in William Blake's work. Songs of Innocence includes a reversal of the expected 'hierarchies'. The poems reject t... ...ecessary self-knowledge. The Lamb develops into the Tiger - innocence is the price that must me paid to attain an identity in 'grown-up land'. It has to sacrifice its meek, mild, gentile innocence to become the Tiger of Experience prowling the 'dark forests' of life. In conclusion, I feel William Blake is attempting to transmit an important message: never mind how innocent we are during our naÃÆ'Â ¯ve, happy playground days, the big bad world is awaiting us all, and we have to stop resisting and accept that we're all going to develop into Tigers at some point - gaining our own unique symmetry in place of our soft, delightful, tender selves. Life past, present and future poses many questions - it's up to us to answer them, to discover our true identities, and to decide where exactly our faith lies. Innocence is the foundation upon which experience is built.

Marriage and How It Has Changed Essay

Marriage has gone through profound changes over the last five decades, but we continue to speak about it as though it’s the same old familiar pattern. To see how much has changed; I am going to look at the shift from the forties, to the sixties, to today. In 1968, less than a year after the famous Summer of Love, as they used to say out in the country, â€Å"The times they were a-changing.† The sexual revolution, Viet Nam, drugs–the youth of the day were convinced the world would never be the same again. Yet they didn’t think about how such changes would affect marriage. It seemed as if they thought it would be about the same as it had been for their parents, except better because they (like most youth of most times) thought they were better than their gray and jaded parents that represented the â€Å"American Gothic† portrayed that day. No matter how you describe it, it was a powerfully attractive vision. The average age at which Americans got married dropped drastically, to just 19 for women. The number of children soared higher than it had for decades, to a peak of 3.7 children per woman in 1957. The goal back then was domesticity, and both partners worked for it–one to earn the pay, the other to make the home. If a man was a good provider, if he didn’t drink or beat his wife, if he was a â€Å"good father† to his children, he was a good husband. A good wife had to be a decent cook and housekeeper, take care of the children and provide emotional support to her husband. Polls taken during that time show that more than 90 percent of people could not imagine an unmarried person being happy. When asked what they thought they had given up for marriage and family, most women said, â€Å"Nothing.† Since the fifties, we’ve chased personal happiness, career and self-fulfillment and assumed that marriage and family would somehow fit in. One sign of this shift is the percentage of couples who say they would stay together â€Å"for the sake of the children,† which sank from about 50 to 20 between 1962 and 1977. We’ve lost something else, something far more surprising: the pure sexual drama of marriage. In Goin’ to the Chapel: Dreams of Love, Realities of Marriage, Charlotte Mayerson describes some startling discoveries about the Ozzie and Harriet generation. While talking in-depth to 100 middle-class women of all ages about their marriages, she  found that those who enjoyed a passionate sexual relationship with their husbands were almost certain to have come of age in the fifties. In contrast, sex just wasn’t that important for younger women. â€Å"Time and time again, the younger women say, ‘On a scale of one to ten, sex, I would say, gets a three,'† Mayerson writes. â€Å"These younger women had plenty of sexual relationships before they married, and the thrill was gone before the wedding day. For many older women, however, the excitement of sex had been a reason to marry, and the passion remained.† Those â€Å"Ozzie and Harriet† marriages, Mayerson suggests, could be considerably more passionate than those that have come since the Sexual Revolution. Baby boomers didn’t rebel against domesticity, they just took it for granted. Marriage wasn’t a treasure for which they worked and sacrificed, they thought of it as an adventure that happened because you fell in love; and it competed with other adventures–sex, travel, success, saving the planet. Today, the fifties serve as an ideological battleground. For conservatives who regret the changes that have come, those years are a reminder of the good old days. For liberals who push society to escape oppressive patriarchal arrangements, they are a dreaded Dark Ages. Their constant cry is, â€Å"We can’t go back to the fifties!† Indeed, we can’t. But we would do well to recognize what we’ve lost and might regain. We’ve lost the emphasis on marriage and children that provided so much stability. Back then, a man’s career was to provide for the family, not his ego; a woman’s ambitions were put on the shelf if they conflicted with the children’s needs. That was certainly restrictive to some, but it created a strong social fabric. Since the fifties, we’ve chased personal happiness, career and self-fulfillment and assumed that marriage and family would somehow fit in. The situation is hardly hopeless. After all, if something like half of all marriages ends in divorce, that means the other half don’t. We can’t guarantee that our children will succeed, but we can certainly prepare them and support them to be numbered among the successful. For previous generations, marriage was an inevitable destination. It didn’t take any special intention; it was a stage in life. For the ’00 generation, marriage  will have to be a much more intentional act. They need encouragement, they need mentors, and most of all they need straight talk. We must ask them: â€Å"Do you know what you’re doing? Are you prepared to make this a success?† We often hear that if we do not learn from the past, we are bound to relive it. In my opinion, it is certainly something that wouldn’t hurt us a single bit in this particular situation. Works Cited Mayerson, Charlotte. Goin’ To the Chapel; Dreams of Love, Realities of Marriage. 1996. Basic Press

Evaluating The Theories Of Learning Essay - 1704 Words

This paper was chosen because it is significant to evaluate the theories of learning taught by very important psychologist, and the different ways they can be applied to life. It is also noteworthy to state that the techniques of these theories differ from one psychologist to another. Correspondingly, this author believes there are several ways that people can be reinforced in the process of learning. This lesson covers the definition of learning, different types of learning, and, also, discusses learning styles. Furthermore, the author will similarly focus on illustrating and describing how individuals can apply the latter in a biblical aspect. Ultimately, after reading this paper, the reader should have a better insight into the process of learning in which an individual experiences permanent, lasting changes in knowledge, behaviors, and ways of processing the world. Significant Theories of Learning Fact: Jessica was the receptionist at Unity Nursing Home. She is a very joyful and friendly person and an immense asset to the facility. Recently, she was promoted to the Admission Assistant position. She felt very excited and eager, but at the same time, she was apprehensive. Despite her worries, Jessica decided to embrace the opportunity given to her and transitioned into her new role. After just two months in her new position, her supervisor unexpectedly resigned, leaving Jessica with an incomplete training and a lot more responsibility that she bargained for. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedOnline Learning : Online Learners And Evaluating Their Learning Characteristics From The Perspective Of The Adult Learning Theory Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Online learning, as a newly emerged platform to access to higher education, has become prevalent in China in the past years. Some scholars think highly of this form of education and believe that it will finally lead to a revolution of education. 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Essay Imagery And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger

Imagery And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger â€Å"Can you give to the horse mightyness? Can you clothe its neck with a rustling mane? Can you cause it to leap like a locust?†(Job 39:19-20) William Blake’s The Tyger is reminiscent of when God questioned Job rhetorically about his creations, many of them being fearsome beasts such as the leviathan or the behemoth. Much like this speech from the old testament, The Tyger also uses a significant amount of imagery and symbolism which contributes to its spiritual aspects. There is a wealth of imagery in the first two lines alone. The poem begins: â€Å"Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night,† The reader conceives in their mind the image of a tiger with a coat blazing†¦show more content†¦The image of fire in connection with the tiger is conceived again, this time within the eyes. The fire in a tiger’s eyes can be seen as a symbol of ferocity, and it takes no stretch of the imagination to look upon Satan in the same way as well. In the fourth stanza, Blake asks:What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? The hammer, chain, furnace, and anvil are undoubtedly symbols of creation, but how does the imagery contribute? Well, the tiger was crafted with the aid of a hammer and anvil. Its brain is said to be made of fire, as it came from a furnace. So one sees by the imagery connected to the connection of the tiger, that it is inhuman, and was manufactured in quite an unnatural manner. This contributes greatly to the negative impression of the tiger, and raises questions about the nature of evil, and the origins of the devil. The fifth stanza goes on to say: â€Å"When the stars threw down their spears, And water’d heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee?† The â€Å"stars† are probably a symbol of God’s angels. This can be backed up by the scripture at Job 38:7 which says:â€Å"†¦When the morning stars joyfully cried out together, and all the sons of God began shouting in applause?† The imagery of the poem seems to support this, as it could only be spirit creatures who â€Å"water’d heaven with their tears†. If the tiger is aShow MoreRelatedThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagescreated, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo the common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such differentRead MorePoetry Analysis: The Tyger Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blake’s 1793 poem â€Å"The Tyger† has many interpretations, but its main purpose is to question God as a creator. Its poetic techniques generate a vivid picture that encourages the reader to see the Tyger as a horrifying and terrible being. The speaker addresses the question of whether or not the same God who made the lamb, a gentle creature, could have also formed the Tyger and all its darkness. This issue is addressed through many poetic devices including rhyme, repetition, allusion, and symbolismRead MoreWilliam Blake : The Common Symbolism Of The Lamb1677 Words   |  7 Pagesinference. â€Å"Little Lamb I’ll tell thee, Little Lamb I’ll tell thee! He is called by thy name† ( Blake 723). 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Then, the child declares that he will tell the lamb whoRead MoreContemplating Gods Creation in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger1205 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake was born and raised in London from 1757 to 1827. Throughout his early years, Blake experienced many strange and unusual visions, claiming to have seen â€Å"angels and ghostly monks† (Moore). For those reasons, William Blake decided to write about mystical beings and Gods. Two examples of the poet expressing his point of view are seen in â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb.† Both poems demonstrat e how the world is and to sharpen one’s perception. People perceive the world in their own outlook, oftenRead More Coexistence of Contrary States in Blake’s The Tyger Essay1883 Words   |  8 PagesCoexistence of Contrary States in Blake’s The Tyger Since the two hundred years that William Blake has composed his seminal poem The Tyger, critics and readers alike have attempted to interpret its burning question - Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Perhaps best embodying the spirit of Blake’s Songs of Experience, the tiger is the poetic counterpart to the Lamb of Innocence from Blake’s previous work, Songs of Innocence. Manifest in The Tyger is the key to understanding its identityRead MoreEssay about Comparision of Wordsworth and Blakes Poems1523 Words   |  7 PagesAuthors, William Wordsworth and William Blake convey different messages and themes in their poems, â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† and â€Å"The Tyger† consecutively by using the different mechanics one needs to create poetry. Both poems are closely related since they portray different aspects of society but the message remains different. Wordsworth’s poem describes a conflict between nature and humanity, while Blake’s poem issues God’s creations of completely different creatures. In â€Å"The World is TooRead MoreEssay on The Symmetry: A World with Both Lamb and Tiger1063 Words   |  5 Pages Why did God create both gentle and fearful creatures? Why did God create a world with bloodshed, pain and terror? The Tyger by William Blake, written in 1794 and included in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. Blake sees a necessity for balance in the world, and suggests to the readers that God created a world with a balance of good and evil soRead MoreEssay on The Message Behind A Poison Tree1077 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake was a first generation Romantic poet. He lived a long life in which he wrote a copious amount of poetry (Eaves). Blake was also a painter. This aided Blake’s advancing symbolism; he could paint a lovely picture with his words (Eaves). The poem that I have analyzed is A Poison Tree. Blake strategically placed imagery and personification to hide his underlying truth; do not store up anger because horrible situations will arise. At first glance the poem seems hate filled and that he justRead MoreEssay How Romantic Was William Blake?1517 Words   |  7 Pagesthe moniker of Romantic. Now we will focus on one writer and his techniques, William Blake, and carefully compare and contrast his poetry with the others of the age. We will break down his imagery and decipher it to deduce what he was alluding to. In doing this we will have a better idea of what things worked for Blake and what didnt and maybe look into his mind and try to figure out the why to what he did. William Blake was a mysterious figure in the literary scene of 18th century London.

Birth Of Communication Essay - 4825 Words

Outline I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is important to reflect one’s own national and cultural identity to understand what is different among people of different nations. History teaches us that culture always changes because of internal or external influences, even our own cultures and values change over time. Our world today is a world in which people from different nations and cultures are getting closer and closer because of economical and political reasons. Because cultures are becoming closer, communication is the most important quality for anyone to work on if they want to work in the international society. The history of communication and the relationships that were formed in the early part of worldwide communication still†¦show more content†¦Conclusion Culture involves the way people live, work, their thoughts and perceptions of the world. Intercultural communication is a symbolic, interpretive, and contextual process in which the degree of difference between people is large and important enough to create dissimilar interpretations and expectations about what are regarded as competent behaviors that should be used to create shared meanings. A good American and East Asian relationship is important to people on both sides of the ocean because of the grand potential for trade. The degree of difference between people is important in that here is where the confrontations begin, here is where international disagreements begin, here is where wars begin, and here is where the loss of soldiers in war begins. Trade disagreements, and cultural disagreements and any other kind of perceptional difference could potentially cause something so devastating that words cannot describe what the fate of the world could be. With the onset of communicati on in the 19th century the tension was immense, tomorrow’s technology could be the world’s greatest gift, yet if the world is not mature enough to utilize it, it could also be the world’s greatest devastation. It is important to reflect on national and cultural identity to understand what is different among people of different nations. History teaches that culture always changes because of internal or external influences; even our own cultures and values change over time.Show MoreRelatedSibling Rivalry, Sibling Jealousy, Age And Birth Order, And Adult Sibling Communication Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesamong siblings are unique because they are some of the few close relationships that people maintain throughout their entire life. I would best define sibling communication as the way in which siblings interact and communicate with one another. 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Measures To Reference Ransomware Attacks †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measures To Reference Ransomware Attacks? Answer: Introduction: This report discusses about the threats evident from the ransomware attacks on the organizational system. The report includes an analysis of the companys revenue generations and recommends the controls needed to address them. The following analysis also includes a discussion about ransomware attacks and its measures. Discussion: Motherboards and More Pty Ltd is a medium size, exclusive, Australian business organization. They are responsible for the production of motherboards, graphics card and computer chips. In addition, they are a key provider to computer developers and repairers. Motherboards and More Pty Ltd is present in business for 8 years and includes an incorporated ERP framework for their operational demands. Overview of revenue cycle: The company receives order from their customers. These are usually done by email or telephone. These orders are placed in their website. These orders are then processed and sent to the dock, which is used to collect shipments coming and going for deliveries. However, the increase in sales made were the cause of many errors which resulted in customers getting wrong shipments. In addition delayed shipment was also another result. Identification of the weaknesses: The report includes an analysis of the companys revenue generations and recommends the controls needed to address them. Weaknesses: The presence of weakness in Motherboards and More Pty Ltd is evident due to the emergence of various control related problems. The credit purchase of products is the first weakness, which is the main cause for slow profit acquisition. The next weakness is the dock usage for addressing shipments coming and going for deliveries (Zurich, 2017). Another weakness is the companys absence of a database for the maintenance of products records. In addition the last weakness evident from the revenue cycle is the presence of discount option which is making all the customers opt for this plan. Impacts of these weaknesses: The first weakness is the purchase on credit which accounts for the use of products in a 30-day trial. This is a reason for the hindrance in sales operation for the first month from the delivery. As the profit acquisition is done from the companys sales, credit purchases can lead to less acquisition rates for profit. In addition, the main risks in this process is the credit purchases by clients who do not possess a good report. The use of the dock for the operations of shipments is another weakness. The main operations include placing the products serially for easy transport. Furthermore, the large products lining to the increased sales can lead to wrong product shipment to the customers. Another weakness is the databases absence as all companies need to maintain records of products (Zurich, 2017). The manual recording of the products that are returned might have major operational problems if the number of returned products exceeds to a very high level. Lastly, the accepted discount rates accounting to 2% causes less sales, which is seen from the revenue cycle as the whole lot of customers are opting for this mode in returns. Controls: This portion includes the controls to be applied for addressing the risks involved in the revenue cycle. Firstly, the company needs to give less credit because of reduced rate for sales. Furthermore, the customers associated with good credit scores, should get credit for maintaining the current market rank (Chen Tsou, 2012). The company can address such issues by partnering with a financial service company to assess the customer scores. Secondly, the company must address the tracking needs for the shipments. This can be done by adopting commercial software which will be responsible for tracking the shipments. This will remove any flaws in the system. For example, the On Time 360 ("Courier Software Delivery Dispatch - OnTime 360", 2017) is one such commercial software. In addition, Motherboards and More Pty Ltd Company have to facilitate the recordings the products present in the warehouse. This can be done by using a database. The problems persistent due to traditional recordings will be removed by the application of the database in the system. The company also needs to consider the hiring of additional staffs for maintaining the database. Lastly, the discount plan of 2% is to be removed as most of the customers are opting for this plan (Teixeira et al., 2012). The company needs to create alternatives like offering alternate offers. This will not only bring in new offers for sales but will also increase the profit. Internal control weaknesses Impact Mitigation Purchase made on credits Hindrance in sales operation Review of credit scores Shipment from the same dock Losing count in case of high sales activity Tracking of delivery services by using software solution Absence of database Discrepancies in manual work Application of a database High discount policy Customers opting for this method Needs to apply alternate solutions Overview of the ransomware attack: The most significant cyber attack which made its impact in the whole world is the ransomware attack. The encryption of the user files in the infected computers was the main harm done by them. In addition, the attack led to the display of payment related messages which demanded a sum of 300$. Moreover, the amount that had to be deposited was to be made using the bitcoin address which kept on increasing after every two hours ("'Biggest ransomware outbreak in history' hits nearly 100 countries", 2017). The message also incorporated threat messages in case of not paying like doubling of the amount after three days. The most affected systems were the healthcare systems, which had their business affected as they were unable to access records. Controls to address the ransomware attacks: The ransomware attack was the biggest cyber attack until date which had its impact on 99 countries. This requires the Motherboards and More Pty Ltd to address concerns regarding the control of such attacks. This is to be done to ensure continuity of business services (Sittig Singh, 2016). The Motherboards and More Pty Ltd needs to ensure the obligations of security enhancements by the applying antivirus programs in the system. These programs are very efficient and effective in removing malwares. For example, Kaspersky and Quick Heal are the most commonly used programs. The next step is the awareness of security among the common people. This involves spreading of awareness of employees against malware or attempts for phishing attacks. The clicks on certain malicious links sent on the email systems of the employers are also to be reduced as this is another cause for breaches. Lastly, the application of operating system patches is another mitigation process that helps to disable ransomware threats. The occurrence of the attack was mainly due to the absence of operating system (OS) patches which was the root cause for the system to be made vulnerable (Sittig Singh, 2016). These attacks are made to take advantages of the vulnerability detected in the system and OS patches can help to remove the existence of such attacks. Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded from the analysis made on the report that the company Motherboards and More Pty Ltd needs to analyze and discuss the recommendations discussed. This will enable the company to apply the results of the analysis in their operations to ensure business process operations. The report includes the addressing of ransomware attacks which is discussed in the report that the company needs to reference for maintaining the security levels. References: 'Biggest ransomware outbreak in history' hits nearly 100 countries. (2017).ABC News. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-13/biggest-ransomware-outbreak-in-history-hits-nearly-100-nations/8523102 Brewer, R. (2016). Ransomware attacks: detection, prevention and cure.Network Security,2016(9), 5-9. Chen, J. S., Tsou, H. T. (2012). Performance effects of IT management, service process innovation, and the mediating role of customer service.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 71-94. Courier Software Delivery Dispatch - OnTime 360. (2017).Ontime360.com. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.ontime360.com/ Pathak, D. P., Nanded, Y. M. (2016). A dangerous trend of cybercrime: ransomware growing challenge.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology (IJARCET) Volume,5. Sittig, D. F., Singh, H. (2016). A socio-technical approach to preventing, mitigating, and recovering from ransomware attacks.Applied clinical informatics,7(2), 624. Teixeira, J., Patrcio, L., Nunes, N. J., Nbrega, L., Fisk, R. P., Constantine, L. (2012). Customer experience modeling: from customer experience to service design.Journal of Service Management,23(3), 362-376. Zurich, L. B. (2017). Service Operations and Management.